|
| |
|
|
Mutation rates and dispersal of human populations
Kulichová, Iva ; Černý, Viktor (advisor) ; Šolc, Roman (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with estimation of mutation rate of DNA and its use for dating of the first settlement of Sahul. The first part describes direct approach for the estimation of the mutation rate, based on the analysis of pedigrees and indirect approach based on phylogenetic analysis. The weaknesses of these methods are presented as well, as they distort the resulting values of the mutation rate and therefore it is necessary not to ingore them. Some alternatives of calibration methods for the direct and the indirect estimation of the mutation rate are introduced, for example based on archaeological samples. The subsequent section discusses the characteristic mutation rate of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA estimated utilising the direct and the indirect approach. The difference between pedigree and phylogenetic rates appears especially in the mitochondrial DNA, because of selection.The second part outlines the evolutionary path leading to anatomically modern human in Africa and his expansion into Eurasia based on the fossil record dated 45,000 years ago. Particular attention is paid to the settlement of Sahul in archaeological and molecular point of view. Based on the combination of these sources of information, it is possible to conclude that the settlement of Sahul passed from Africa along...
|
|
|
Contribution to the settlement of the Prague Castle (documents and changes of settlement in the west forecastle in place today's so called Northern Wing)
Hurajčíková, Veronika ; Sláma, Jiří (advisor) ; Frolík, Jan (referee)
This thesis deals with the beginnings of the Prague Castle. The principal attention is mainly turned to a closer recognation of course of settlement in the original west forecastle, which means today's forecastles I, II and IV. In connection with this problem the principal goal of this thesis consists in processing of the research that Jan Frolík accomplished within the forecastle I and the forecastle IV in the building of today's so called Northern Wing in 1987. There were six trenches with features and habitation layers of the Early Middle Ages explored. These discovered archaeological sections were divided into horizons in chronological sequence on the basis of stratigraphy (reciprocal superposition of features), or in the case of habitation layers on the basis of ceramics. Subsequent analysis of ceramic material enabled to date them more precisely. Also processing and evaluation of the remaining archaeological artifacts, primarily bone artifacts and animal bones, is a part of this thesis. At the end of the thesis the results of the research are counted among the context of the evolution of so called west forecastle, alternatively of the general evolution of the history of Prague Castle.
|
|
| |
|
| |
guest ::
